Numbers#

Number data types store numeric values. Python supports the following numerical types:

int — integers (no size limit in Python 3)
float — floating-point real values
complex — complex numbers (e.g., 3+4j)

Note

Python 2 had a separate long type. In Python 3, int handles arbitrarily large integers automatically.

Type Conversion#

Function	Description
`int(x)`	Convert x to an integer
`float(x)`	Convert x to a floating-point number
`complex(x)`	Convert x to a complex number with imaginary part zero

Math Functions#

These functions require import math:

Function	Description
`abs(x)`	Absolute value of x
`math.exp(x)`	The exponential of x (e^x)
`math.log(x)`	Natural logarithm of x (x > 0)
`math.log10(x)`	Base-10 logarithm of x (x > 0)
`math.sqrt(x)`	Square root of x (x > 0)
`math.cos(x)`	Cosine of x (in radians)
`math.sin(x)`	Sine of x (in radians)

Constants#

math.pi — the mathematical constant π
math.e — the mathematical constant e

Examples#

>>> (50 - 5 * 6) / 4
5.0
>>> width = 20
>>> height = 5 * 9
>>> width * height
900
>>> 17 / 4       # True division (returns float in Python 3)
4.25
>>> 17 // 4      # Floor division (returns integer quotient)
4
>>> 17 % 4       # Modulus (remainder)
1

Warning

Python 2 vs Python 3 In Python 2, 17/4 returned 4 (integer division). In Python 3, / always returns a float. Use // for integer division.